Espiritismo (Spanish Countries where Spanish has official status. States of the U.S. where Spanish has no official status but is spoken by 25% or more of the population. States of the U.S. where Spanish has no official status but is spoken by 10-20% of the population. States of the U.S. where Spanish has no official status but is spoken by 5-9.9% of the population for "Spiritism") is the Latin American Latin America is a region of the Americas where Romance languages (i.e., those derived from Latin) – particularly Spanish, Portuguese, and variably French – are primarily spoken. Latin America has an area of approximately 21,069,501 km² (7,880,000 sq mi), almost 3.9% of the Earth's surface or 14.1% of its land surface area. As of 2008, its and Caribbean The Caribbean is a region consisting of the Caribbean Sea, its islands , and the surrounding coasts. The region is located southeast of the Gulf of Mexico and Northern America, east of Central America, and to the north of South America belief that good and evil In religion and ethics, the phrase good and evil refers to the location of objects, desires, and behaviors on a two-way spectrum, with one direction being morally positive , and the other morally negative ("evil"). "Good" is a broad concept and is difficult to define, but typically it deals with an association with life, spirits The English word spirit has many differing meanings and connotations, but commonly refers to a supernatural being or essence — transcendent and therefore metaphysical in its nature: the Concise Oxford Dictionary defines it as "the non-physical part of a person". For many people, however, spirit, like soul, forms a natural part of a can affect health At the time of the creation of the World Health Organization , in 1948, health was defined as being "a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity", luck Luck or fortuity is a belief in good or bad fortune in life caused by accident or chance which happens beyond a person's control and other elements of human Humans are bipedal primates belonging to the species Homo sapiens in Hominidae, the great ape family. They are the only surviving members of the genus Homo. Humans have a highly developed brain, capable of abstract reasoning, language, introspection, and problem solving. This mental capability, combined with an erect body carriage that frees the life Life is a characteristic that distinguishes objects that have self-sustaining biological processes from those that do not —either because such functions have ceased (death), or else because they lack such functions and are classified as "inanimate.".[1]
Its shares many fundamental concepts with Spiritualism Spiritualism is a monotheistic belief system or religion, postulating a belief in God, but the distinguishing feature is belief that spirits of the dead can be contacted, either by individuals or by gifted or trained "mediums", who can provide information about the afterlife as popularized in 19th century and early 20th century United States ^ b. English is the de facto language of American government and the sole language spoken at home by 80% of Americans age five and older. Spanish is the second most commonly spoken language. During this period, several books on mediumship Mediumship is supposedly a form of communication with spirits. It is a practice in religious beliefs such as Spiritualism, Spiritism, Espiritismo, Candomblé, Louisiana Voodoo, Shambala and Umbanda. While the Western movements of Spiritualism and Spiritism account for most Western news-media exposure, a majority of African and African-diasporic and spiritual practices became available in the Caribbean and Latin America. As many Native Americans The indigenous peoples of the Americas are the pre-Columbian inhabitants of North, Central, and South America, their descendants, and many ethnic groups who identify with those peoples. They are often also referred to as Native Americans, Aboriginals, First Nations, Amerigine, and by Christopher Columbus' geographical and historical mistake, and people of African The term African people refers to people who live in Africa, or people who trace their ancestry to indigenous inhabitants of Africa. This includes members of the "African diaspora" resulting from the Atlantic Slave Trade such as Black British, Afro-Latin Americans, African Americans, Afro-Caribbeans, and Black Canadians. The term Black descent had long standing traditions of ancestor worship and trance possession An altered state of consciousness, , also named altered state of mind, is any condition which is significantly different from a normal waking beta wave state. The expression was used as early as 1969 by Charles Tart and describes induced changes in one's mental state, almost always temporary. A synonymous phrase is "altered states of, Spiritualism was readily absorbed into and adapted to these pre-existing belief systems.[2]
Many Espiritistas (Espiritismo practitioners) communicate with spirits in a gathering of like-minded believers. Called misas, these sessions are somewhat akin to the séances A séance is an attempt to communicate with spirits. The word "séance" comes from the French word for "seat," "session" or "sitting," from the Old French "seoir," "to sit." In French, the word's meaning is quite general: one may, for example, speak of "une séance de cinéma" (& of American-style Spiritualism of the 19th and early 20th century. Many Espiritistas' practices, however, have elements of magic ritual Magic, sometimes known as sorcery or wizardry, is the practice of consciousness manipulation and/or autosuggestion to achieve a desired result, usually by techniques described in various conceptual systems. The practice is often influenced by ideas of religion, mysticism, occultism, science, and psychology which are not traditionally found in Spiritualism.[2]
A tenet of Espiritismo is the a belief in a supreme God God is a deity in theistic and deistic religions and other belief systems, representing either the sole deity in monotheism, or a principal deity in polytheism who is the omnipotent creator of the universe The Universe comprises everything we perceive to physically exist, the entirety of space and time, all forms of matter and energy, and the physical laws and constants that govern them. However, the term Universe may be used in slightly different contextual senses, denoting such concepts as the cosmos, the world, or Nature. There is also a belief in a spirit world inhabited by discarnate discarnate entities that can gradually evolve intellectually Intelligence is an umbrella term used to describe a property of the mind that encompasses many related abilities, such as the capacities to reason, to plan, to solve problems, to think abstractly, to comprehend ideas, to use language, and to learn. There are several ways to define intelligence. In some cases, intelligence may include traits such and morally In its first, descriptive usage, morality means a code of conduct or a set of beliefs distinguishing between right and wrong behaviors. Descriptive morality does not explain why any behavior should be considered right or wrong, only that it may be classified so. For the most part right and wrong acts are classified as such because they cause. Espiritistas believe these beings can influence the corporeal world in various ways and that the espiritistas, in turn, can also influence the actions of the spirits.[2]
Espiritismo has never had a single leader nor epicenter of practice, and as such its practice varies greatly between individuals and groups. In all cases, Espiritismo has absorbed various practices from other religious and spiritual practices endemic to Latin America and the Caribbean, such as Roman Catholicism The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church,[note 1] is the world's largest Christian church. With more than a billion members, over half of all Christians[note 2] and more than one-sixth of the world's population, the Catholic Church is a communion of the Western, or Church, and 22 autonomous Eastern Catholic Churches (called, curanderismo, Santeria Santería is a syncretic religion of West African and Caribbean origin, also known as Regla de Ocha, La Regla Lucumi, or Lukumi, and Vodou Vodun or Vudun (so spelled in the Fon language of Benin and the Ewe language of Togo and Ghana; also spelled Vodon, Vodoun, Voudou, Voodoo etc.) is a traditional Polytheistic organised religion of coastal West Africa, from Nigeria to Ghana. It is distinct from the unorganised traditional animistic religions in the interiors of these same countries,.
An example of this syncretism Syncretism also occurs commonly in literature, music, the representational arts and other expressions of culture. Syncretism may occur in architecture as well. There also exist syncretic politics, although, in political classifications, the term has a somewhat different meaning is a magical spell that involves asking Saint Martha to exert one's will over that of another person by burning a specially prepared lamp Oil Lamps have traditionally been used as a basic form of lighting, and were widely used as an alternative to candles prior to the era of electric lights. Starting in 1780 the Argand lamp quickly replaced earlier oil lamps still in their basic ancient form. These were, in turn, replaced by the kerosene lamp in about 1850. In small towns and rural, saying certain prayers Prayer is a form of religious practice that seeks to activate a volitional connection to some greater power in the universe through deliberate intentional practice. Prayer may be either individual or communal and take place in public or in private. It may involve the use of words, song, or complete silence. When language is used, prayer may take, and wearing an amulet An amulet , a close cousin of the talisman (from Arabic طلاسم tilasm, ultimately from Greek telesma or from the Greek word "telein" which means "to initiate into the mysteries") consists of any object intended to bring good luck and/or protection to its owner. Potential amulets include: gems, especially engraved gems, tied with a red ribbon A ribbon or riband is a thin band of flexible material, typically cloth but also plastic or sometimes metal, used primarily for binding and tying. Cloth ribbons, which most commonly includes silk, are often used in connection with dress, but also applied for innumerable useful, ornamental and symbolic purposes; cultures around the world use this around one's waist.[3]
In other cases, the goals and methods of the Espiritista are less obviously in the realm of magic and might be considered a form of folk medicine Folk medicine refers to healing practices and ideas of body physiology and health preservation widely known to much of the population in a culture, transmitted informally as general knowledge, and practiced or applied by anyone in the culture . All cultures and societies have knowledge best described as folk medicine. Folk medicine often coexists of alternative medicine In Western culture, alternative medicine is any healing practice "that does not fall within the realm of conventional medicine", or "that which has not been shown consistently to be effective." It is often opposed to evidence based medicine and encompasses therapies with a historical or cultural, rather than a scientific, basis. Whatever the desired effect, the equipment and materials used for Espiritismo may often be purchased at a botánica A botánica is a retail store which sells folk medicine, religious candles and statuary, amulets, and other products regarded as magical or as alternative medicine. They also carry oils, incense, perfumes, scented sprays (many of which are thought to have special properties) and various brand name health care products within the practitioners' community.[4]
Contents |
La Jornada (Mexico)
... el culto a la muerte, el espiritismo y la realizacion de misas negras, consagraciones al maligno , bautizos y bodas satanicas, entre otros, pero tambien ...
and more »
Andre
2009-04-18 01:14:00
No dia 27 de Abril, Segunda-feira, as 19H00, a radio 94.8 FM, da regiao Oeste de Portugal, entrevistara o secretario da ADEP, Jose Lucas, falando de . Espiritismo. e das Jornadas de Cultura . Espirita. , que a ADEP levara a cabo em Obidos, . ...
